Turtles and tortoises (Testudines)
Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 976 | "distance between extremes" or maximum range on a linear scale | m | Male | Adult | 19 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Home Range | 248 | "distance between extremes" or maximum range on a linear scale | m | Female | Adult | 23 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Home Range | 363 | "distance between extremes" or maximum range on a linear scale | m | Not Reported | Juvenile | 18 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Home Range | 400 | average distance moved along stream between relocations | m | Male | Adult | 19 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Home Range | 104 | average distance moved along stream between relocations | m | Female | Adult | 23 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | #/mi2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside | |
| Body Weight - Mean | maximum carapace length range = 161 - 243 mm | kg | Female | Adult | 18 | South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
| Body Weight - Mean | maximum carapace length range = 169-279 mm | kg | Male | Adult | 19 | South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
| Body Weight - Mean | maximum carapace length range = 60 - 145 mm | kg | Not Reported | Juvenile | 9 | South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | estimated from eggshell fragments in nest | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 15 nests | Fremont Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Population Density | 300 | #/mi2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Fremont Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 324 | g/yr | Not Reported | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 yr post-hatch | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 50% (26C); 96% (28.1C); 93% (30.6C); 90% (33C); 29% (35.3C) | hatching success at various temperatures (26-35.3C) | Not Reported | Embryo | 10-29 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |||
| Body Weight - Mean | range estimated from figure | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | hatchling | Laboratory | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | egg mass | g | Not Reported | Embryo | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | egg | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 35.9 | field metabolic rate, annual weighted mean | kJ/kg/d | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Nov. - Mar. (151 d) | hibernation period | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Water Ingestion Rate | 2.2 | annual weight mean for water drinking rate | ml/kg/d | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 4.52 | annual weighted mean | g dry matter/kg/d | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | autumn | hatching | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Not Reported | Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 97.8 | annual survival rate for subadults and adults | % | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 53 | ha | Male | Not Reported | Not Reported | Argus | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 21 | ha | Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Argus | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 52 | yr | Male | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Threeawn (Aristida spp., 22 +/- 6%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 21 +/- 6%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 20 +/- 7%); Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 19 +/- 3%); Red grama (Bouteloua trifida, 6 +/- 3%) and Sedge (Carex spp., 3 +/- 1%) | % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 66 fecal pellets | Lower Grand Canyon, Mohave County (elev. 450 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Threeawn (Aristida spp., 16 +/- 5%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 6 +/- 3%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 50 +/- 8%); Bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri, 17 +/- 7%); and Slender janusia (Janusia gracilis, 11 +/- 5%) | % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 18 fecal pellets | New Water Mountains, Yuma County (elev. 490 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) | % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 30 fecal pellets | Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 124.7 (25C); 103.8 (27C); 87.1 (28C); 84.2 (29C); 78.2 (31C) | mean incubation times at various temperatures (25-31C) | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 10-37 eggs/temperature | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Hatching Success | 53% (25C); 89% (27C); 83% (28C); 100% (29C); 85% (31C) | hatching success rates at various temperatures (25-31C) | % | Not Reported | Embryo | 13-46 eggs/temperature | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) | % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) | % | Not Reported | Embryo | 18-46 eggs/temperature | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | grasses (3.6-33%); cacti (37.0-86.9%); annuals (5.0-18.6%); perennials other than cacti (0.8-2.7%); seeds (3.3-16.0%); other (0.4-2.6%) | relative frequency of material in fresh scat, range for 2 sampling periods over 2 years | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 189-195 scat samples/yr | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 2.29 | kg | Female | Adult | 51 animals | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino | 0.05SE | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 3.17 | kg | Male | Adult | 24 animals | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino | 0.12SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 22 | ha | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 55 | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 24 | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | FMR (ml CO2/d) = 2.2 g^1.02 | field metabolic rate during active seasons as a function of body mass | ml CO2/d | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-22/sampling | Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow | Exposure Factor Datasets | < 2 yr | San Bernardino |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean body weight measured over 2 years during different seasons | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-22/sampling | Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | San Bernardino |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 3.28 | median carapace length = 254.3 mm | kg | Male | Adult | 55 | City Creek and Paradise Canyon, Washington County, UT and Littlefield, Mohave County, AZ | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.56 SD |
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